The HIV retrovirus, in particular, is a single-stranded RNA virus that duplicates itself in a host cell by converting its genetic code into double-stranded DNA that is then inserted into the host cell.

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Due to its strong patent position, it also collects fees from 195 licensees, spanning most of the cell-phone industry for code-division, multiple-access technology, which is the standard communications technology in cellular networks.

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An organism's genes--the entire recipe book that explains whether a cell is part of a plant, a moth, a mouse or a person--are written in code on strands of DNA inside the cell called chromosomes.

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