Alexandria Carr, a former UK Treasury lawyer now at law firm Mayer Brown, said those 11 countries moving ahead under so-called "enhanced co-operation" are legally bound to respect the rights of member states that do not participate.

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He co-founded College Confidential, now the busiest website for college-bound students and parents.

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The frenetic rush to prepare its second reading marked the beginning of a lifelong co-operation with the voluntary sector, not bound by commercial contracts but united by mutual trust.

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Last week Dr Fouchier said he would disregard the embargo and submit the paper to Science anyway, without applying for a permit. (Science is an American journal, and thus not bound by Dutch regulations.) On April 24th he and his co-authors agreed to seek one after all, in order to expedite publication, while officially disputing the obligation to comply with it.

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The Syrian authorities say the strikes by Israel on army targets this month show it is co-ordinating with militants to destabilise the government, but Israel said it was targeting weapons bound for Hezbollah militants in Lebanon.

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The presidential statement said Afghan forces were "duty bound" to put a stop to such behaviour, and urged local people to co-operate in bringing them to justice.

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And that would change the entire context of the Kurdish question, which is bound to come up at next month's summit in Istanbul of the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe.

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