First, under the Supremacy Clause of the U.S. Constitution, federal law trumped state law.
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Under the Supremacy Clause of the U.S. Constitution, federal statutes trump conflicting state laws.
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European governments have invoked the collective defence clause of Nato's founding treaty for the first time.
One group for which the individual mandate clause of this law has unique implications is graduate students.
His argument was simple: DOMA violated the Equal Protection clause of the Constitution by discriminating against homosexual couples.
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The Department of Justice defended the rule saying that it does, via the Commerce Clause of the Constitution.
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Bush's lawyer argued that the lack of a standard for hand-counting ballots violates the equal protection clause of the Constitution.
The commerce clause of the Constitution gives Congress the right to prevent states and municipalities from imposing multiple, discriminatory taxes.
There is also what I would see as a simple solution to this problem: the Commerce Clause of the Constitution.
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His favourite clause of the constitution was the 14th amendment, which guarantees due process and equal protection of the laws.
Yossarian was moved very deeply by the absolute simplicity of the clause of Catch-22 and let out a respectful whistle.
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Its argument is that by legislating on immigration Arizona has trespassed on federal authority and violated the supremacy clause of the constitution.
It is hard to read the social clause of the World Trade Organisation, or the prominence of the child-labour issue, in any other light.
The federal lawsuit alleges that the U.S. government's takeover and financial bailout of AIG was in violation of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment.
He agreed with the four conservatives that the law violated the Commerce Clause of the Constitution, which was the main claim of the 26 states that sued.
This replaced the mutual defence clause of the Western European Union (WEU) which will be wound up in 2011, and which currently consists of delegations from national parliaments.
Recognizing the vulnerability of relying on the Commerce Clause alone, the Obama administration in the Florida case shifted its emphasis to the Necessary and Proper Clause of the Constitution.
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The 9th Circuit Court of Appeals has ruled that the California ban on gay marriage violates the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution.
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The business owner can also argue that the amount of money seized from his bank accounts violates the Excessive Fines Clause of the Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
In the Seattle case, the Court ruled by a five-to-four vote that the integration plan did indeed violate the equal-protection clause of the Constitution, and Roberts assigned himself the opinion.
That decision endorses a broad reading of the Necessary and Proper Clause of the Constitution, which gives Congress the power to do what it thinks necessary to implement its laws.
The challenge is based on the appointments clause of the Constitution, which requires that "Officers of the United States" be appointed by the President or by the head of an agency.
Their chief lawyer, Bernard Cohen, had based his case in the end on the equal-rights clause of the 14th amendment, and was keen that the Lovings should listen to him speak.
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In it, the professors say the agreement among 46 states (four others signed their own pacts with the tobacco industry) violates the Compact Clause of the U.S. Constitution banning treaties between states.
In defending the constitutionality of the Act, the federal government relies upon the Commerce Clause of the Constitution as the enumerated power supposedly delegating authority to the federal government for this regulatory compulsion.
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It was most recently rejected by the 2nd Circuit Court of Appeals in New York, which ruled 2 to 1 on October that it violated the equal protection clause of the Constitution.
This is because one of the QCs who delivered that opinion is the crossbench peer Lord Pannick, who's increasingly influential in swinging the crossbench vote for or against a particular clause of a bill.
John Marshall, our nation's fourth Chief Justice, led the Supreme Court in deciding several key cases that established the sanctity of contract law and breathed life into the interstate commerce clause of the Constitution.
The lawsuit claims the policy violates the Constitution's Fourth Amendment, which prohibits illegal searches and seizures, as well as the equal-protection clause of the 14th Amendment, which is often invoked to fight laws seen as racially discriminatory.
Ministers have been defending the government's actions after its decision to shelve plans to sell a minority stake in Royal Mail and the loss of a Commons vote on a clause of their proposed parliamentary "clean-up" programme.
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