An alternative approach is to appeal to the classical Greek philosophy that views kindness through the lens of reason, emphasizing the positive effects acts of kindness have not just on the receiver of kindness but to the giver of kindness as well, not for the salvation of the soul in the afterlife, but in this life.
The first crisis came at the turn of the century, when he was commissioned to paint several murals for the Great Hall of the University of Vienna on classical themes such as Medicine and Philosophy.