The other factor for Obama would be with fiscally conservative Blue Dog Democrats and other Democrats who stood with Obama on the middle-class tax pledge.

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In other words, Obama violated his tax pledge to the middle class, whatever he claims to think about the individual mandate.

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The Republicans, for instance, pointed to a law that Dukakis had vetoed as governor that would have required teachers to conduct the Pledge of Allegiance with their class.

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Then there is a third class, known as similares, medicines which, drugmakers pledge, have the right amount of active ingredient but aren't tested in the body.

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