Citi also likes blue-chip stocks with free cash flow yields that are considered not especially risky due to the valuation in credit markets.

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The problem is not only how to get rid of the heat, but how to cope with the very large electrical currents that must flow on and off the chip without melting the connecting leads.

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When the two layers' polarity faces the same direction, electrons flow readily through the barrier, and the chip reads a one.

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The pieces of scenery are activated by switching on and off so-called passthrough transistors that control the flow of electronic signals from one part of the chip to another.

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