Clinical psychologist Lisa Firestone of California's Glendon Association is less damning of the arrangement, but agrees that parents' fears for their children have little relation to the actual threat.

BBC: NEWS | Technology | Tracking down your child

The unwavering defender of human dignity, who has spared no effort to advance peace and reconciliation and to eradicate injustice and violence, in particular in relation to children and women, Archbishop Desmond Tutu has spent his life in the service of humanity - even after his retirement from public life.

UNESCO: Social and Human Sciences Events | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

The court heard that social services had now taken an interest in relation to the children, who remained in her care.

BBC: Mother of wandering Flintshire street boy, 5, is warned

Given Mongolia's tradition of nomadic herding, it is not difficult for these children to be passed from one relation to another, until the parents have lost touch with them.

ECONOMIST: The street children are the symptom of a bigger problem

Mr Larkin said retrospective measures which have survived legal challenge involved questions of public safety, such as those in relation to sex offenders working with children.

BBC: John Larkin

The council said the Essex Safeguarding Children Board was undertaking a Serious Case Review in relation to the death of Shania.

BBC: Essex

Have any studies been done in France in relation to a rise in autism among children who received measles-only vaccine at the age of about 12 months, followed later by the MMR vaccine?

BBC: Report calls for more MMR research

The best path is a middle road, helping children develop a positive but realistic view of themselves in relation to others.

WSJ: The Right Level of Self-Esteem for a Child

Dr Odent said a female relation or friend - particularly somebody who had already had children - would provide better support because they had already been through the process themselves.

BBC: 'Keep men out of delivery room'