In general, poor children living in rural areas are more likely than urban children from rich households to repeat grades and leave school before completing primary education and attaining basic foundational skills.

UNESCO: EDUCATION

More than 20 field projects followed, on such themes as energy flows and recycling in Lae (Papua New Guinea), urban flora and fauna in Berlin (Germany) and in Xalapa (Mexico), children in the city of Toronto (Canada), urban green spaces in Dayton (USA), Seoul (Rep. Korea) and Valencia (Spain) and linkages between the urban and rural environments in Bangkok (Thailand) and Rome (Italy).

UNESCO: Urban connections of biosphere reserves

In 2009, NCC formally launched Operation Smart Child (OSC), an evidence based program designed in partnership with the Urban Child Institute, to improve brain and social skills development in children from conception to four.

WHITEHOUSE: Helping to Provide a Healthy Start for Children

Statistics are unreliable, but perhaps 200m rural migrants are working in urban areas, with some 20m children.

ECONOMIST: A new way to make migrants feel unwelcome

The writer-director Davis Guggenheim follows five families, scattered across the country in urban areas, as they attempt to get their children into charter schools.

NEWYORKER: Waiting for "Superman"

UrbanSitter.com seeks to bring ease to urban parents in need of someone to look after their children.

FORBES: Finding A Babysitter Online: Too Risky?

Girlfriends on the Go (GOG) have a median age 34, live in an urban area, with less than 50% having children.

FORBES: Hey Marketers, Did You Know Men And Women Are Different?

One of his urban policy proposals, called Promise Neighborhoods, focuses on children in low-income neighborhoods with early childhood education and weekend community centers.

CNN: President Obama on what black America needs

It also works to foster broader interest in the sport, such as by supporting a program that provides lessons to urban children.

WSJ: PGA Tour Feels Absence of Tiger Woods From Golf