Brenner began the chest compressions and rescue breathing that should have been started long before.

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When Phoenix Fire Department paramedics arrived, they immediately began chest compressions.

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Emergency personnel attempted mouth-to-mask resuscitation and chest compressions, to no avail.

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They packed his wounds, started chest compressions and mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.

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In recent months, after the guidelines were written but before their release Monday, additional research has added to the evidence that chest compressions are the key to effective resuscitation.

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Reviving a drowning victim, for example, is rarely as easy as it looks on television, where a few chest compressions and some mouth-to-mouth resuscitation always seem to bring someone with waterlogged lungs and a stilled heart coughing and sputtering back to life.

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