This knowledge is needed to design a chemical that looks enough like the relevant spike element to prompt the immune system to make antibodies that will neutralise it.

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To make the machine commercial strength and add depth to his materials science knowledge, he brought in Weinberg, his onetime chemical engineering professor at the California Institute of Technology.

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But chemical firm Bayer told the committee their assessment was riddled with "knowledge gaps".

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When it comes to chemical and biological weapons, if you have the program you have the knowledge, you have the production capability.

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And Kim may be ideally suited for the job because of his wide knowledge of molecular biology, a field being transformed by new understanding of the chemical basis of life.

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