If they did not, changes in income distribution would have been much more uniform across countries.
The key conclusion of this theory is that transitory, short-term changes in income have little effect on consumer spending behavior.
FORBES: Obama's Temporary Stimulus Measures Vs. Milton Friedman
The issues most important to the undecided group of affluent voters are plans for economic recovery (70%), reducing federal debt (48%), reducing federal budget (42%), changes in income taxes (40%), and plans to create new jobs (33%).
FORBES: Some Surprises in New Survey Showing Presidential Candidates Favored by the Wealthy
Changes in marginal income tax rates are not accompanied by quantitatively and directionally similar changes in the distribution of income taxes paid by various income level groups.
FORBES: The Fiscal Cliff Is Built On A Mountain Of Ignorance
Look back over the decades, say economists at Deutsche Bank, and changes in house prices have been closely related to changes in disposable income.
"Personal income in November and December was boosted by accelerated and special dividend payments to persons and by accelerated bonus payments and other irregular pay in private wages and salaries in anticipation of changes in individual income tax rates, " the Commerce Department's Bureau of Economic Analysis said.
The reality in any top income group is always better reflected by focusing on changes in the median income of the group.
This becomes especially misleading when comparing the top income group to any lower income group, or to changes in their relative income shares over time, when those income shares are measured by average incomes rather than median incomes.
They implicitly assume that changes in the taxable income of rich and poor are influenced only by tax-rate changes.
ECONOMIST: How much do high-income people respond to tax changes?
Changes in taxes on capital income also generate bigger responses than changes on labour income.
At a conference convened last August by the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas, Dennis Snower, professor of economics at Birkbeck College in London, suggested that the main force behind income inequality might be changes in the way companies are organised.
This was true even after the researchers accounted for changes over time in participants' income, employment, marital status, physical health and housing type.
BBC: Green spaces boosts wellbeing of urban dwellers - study
The Jan this year payments are thus the first opportunity we have to see the effects of income shifting, changes in work patterns, higher pension contributions perhaps, possibly even emigration.
In addition to alerting you to filing deadlines for payroll, excise and income taxes, the calendar highlights changes in the Tax Code for the year.
Moreover, the studies do not distinguish between permanent changes in a rich person's taxable income and temporary effects that are due to timing alone.
ECONOMIST: How much do high-income people respond to tax changes?
Yields and market values of municipal securities may be hurt more by changes in tax rates and policies than similar income-bearing securities that are taxable.
FORBES: Put Intermediate Muni Funds In Your Portfolio's Rotation
All of these effects caused further sharp distortions in comparing the trends in incomes for top income earners compared to others in the years before the tax changes relative to the years after the tax changes.
FORBES: The Equality Of Reaganomics, And Fallacious Leftist Dissent
However, the fees declined sharply in 2009 due to a decline in card income resulting from lower cash advances and lower interchange fees caused by changes in consumption patterns in the recessionary environment.
FORBES: Bank Of America Bleeds Card Fee Income, Stock Should Still Be $16
The House has already passed a version of this bill, and could approve the changes to the income-based repayment plan in conference.
FORBES: Income-Based Student Loan Repayment: What You Need to Know
It would be possible for me to dig up the figures on the rise in health care costs over the past four decades, add them to the changes in household size and thus correct those household median income numbers that you present us with.
While we knew that some people could not afford to make the home purchases that they did, we did not recognize that their numbers would be swelled by the simultaneous lowering of underwriting standards, changes in accounting rules and a slowing economy diminishing the income potential of both new buyers and current owners.
Some changes were made, including a big cut in the personal income tax, but much of the package was torn up.
But a significant part of the dollar inflow comes from Filipinos working abroad, an income source vulnerable to policy and political changes in the host countries.
For the record, we at TrimTabs track daily Treasury collections of withheld income and employment taxes and adjust for changes in tax rates to estimate real time wages and salaries.
FORBES: Why Stock Prices Should Keep Rising Despite Slowing Wage Growth
We here at She Negotiates are always happy to see lawsuits resolved by negotiated agreements, particularly when gender bias settlements include structural changes likely to decrease the persistent income and leadership gaps in finance and the professions.
FORBES: $32 Million May Be the Least Benefit in Wells Fargo's Gender Bias Settlement
The above is a simplified example of how income tax liability may be affected by pending changes in the marginal tax rates and changes in filing status.
FORBES: 2012 Surviving Spouse May Have Two Reasons To Increase 2012 Taxable Income
Many of the benefit changes introduced since 2010 have or soon will cut households' income in cash terms.
And, most serious analysts conclude that the concentration of more income with fewer people is mostly a result of changes in the economy and technology.
"There is still a huge extended over-valuation in the market - any change in the employment situation and consumer sentiment due to income changes will tend to push prices down, " Mr Stansfield says.
If k represented the fraction of money income (PQ) that people preferred to hold, changes in k would cause inverse changes in V.
应用推荐