The weakening of currencies in South Korea and Singapore provided an opportunity to shift sourcing away from China, which had been the company's centralized manufacturing center.
Their frustration is rooted in years of living under Bolivia's heavily centralized government.
The various brands continued to maintain fiercely independent marketing and sales departments, but they no longer handled their own manufacturing, which was centralized directly under Hayek's control.
In the typical Japanese model, product development was frustratingly (for U.S. management) centralized in Japan.
Eventually, the parent corporation centralized operations to the point where Sullivan's job in Seattle was eliminated.
Now there is a new semi-centralized training system, modeled after the U.S. team.
"If you think about going from a hunter-gatherer society to this highly centralized society with an organized religion, it's a pretty dramatic change to take place over a very short period of time, " Haas says.
What's more, Office 365 gives people a centralized spot online where they can manage their account, showing them where they have Office installed so they can deactivate unused computers with one click or completely cancel subscriptions.
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If all goes well, it'll be operational in June of 2011, and it's just one aspect of the country's effort to consolidate all emergency alerts into one centralized system.
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Aruba Chief Executive Donald LeBeau, who ran Cisco's worldwide sales from 1992 to 1997, calls centralized Wi-Fi a way to "reshape the wiring closet" that Cisco has controlled for years.
South Korea's ITS has always been government-led and heavily centralized, quickly pushing the country from research to national implementation.
The complexity of the answer is rooted in Capital Prep's relationship to the failed policies of the once highly centralized district and educators' union.
Ritchie also has the world's biggest database of equipment price and availability, comprising a centralized appraisal system with more than a million pieces from every manufacturer.
The "bricks and clicks" model, as Lehigh University's Snyder describes it, calls for moving some goods to large centralized distribution centers, which have the economies of scale to lower the carrying costs of inventory.
In August 2006 they nabbed their first customer, providing JM Family Enterprises, the largest distributor of Toyotas in the U.S., with a way for employees to check into a centralized database via text messages after hurricanes.
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Mr. STEVEN SCHOONER (Co-Director, Government Procurement Law Program, George Washington University): The fear at this point is there does not seem to be a centralized, sophisticated, well-organized planning institution within the government that's going to make good, rational, long-term decisions as to how the reconstruction is done before the government starts throwing money at the problems.
Neither side understands very well the political and institutional constraints in the other's system, and both are inclined to assume the other is more strategic, centralized and internally disciplined than it is.
That calls for more centralized distribution, where the cost benefits can spill over to the store-bound inventory that's sharing the facility.
"There is no centralized way to administer the hundreds or even thousands of Palm devices in the hands of a corporation's employees, " acknowledges Griff Coleman, Palm's product manager for enterprise solutions.
The free launcher brings centralized access to apps, contacts, Facebook feeds and news, and for those so inclined, Amazon's app and video stores.
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Still, he has laid out plans to revert Citi back to the "silo" model, which calls for the bank's operating units to run more autonomously while supporting functions, like legal and IT, become more centralized.
CPI's studios would ask customers to return weeks later to collect their portraits, after having them printed at centralized facilities something fewer customers are willing to accept in a time of ubiquitous instant printing services.
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