These were meals they would never dream of eating themselves, full of methyl cellulose and emulsifiers that might well poison their customers.
Linters are also used in the production of cellulose and viscose, which turns up in toothbrushes, ballpoint pens, picnic cups, and almost any item made of hard plastic.
Anything that has cellulose and that can by converted into ethanol.
The use of cellulose and cardanol, both plant resources, as the plastic's primary components produces a plastic that features a high plant component ratio of more than 70%.
ENGADGET: NEC builds a better bioplastic from plant stems and cashew nut shells
This molecular mouthful has the rare ability among solvents of being able both to dissolve cellulose and to act as an electrolyte that is, a chemical that can carry current between the electrodes of a battery in the form of charged molecules, or ions.
Next the company converted the microbe to produce means to create ethanol fuel from plant cellulose, and following scale-up and cost problems, abandoned that dream to focus upon higher cost chemicals used in cosmetics.
FORBES: Al Gore's Oil-Fueled Al-Jazeera Deal Follows A String Of Green Energy Fiascos
There are industries, such as paper and cellulose production, where Brazil already imports and exports large amounts.
The mixture the team achieved leaves the combined mass of lignin and cellulose in the trunk more or less unchanged and, contrary to the expectations of many critics, the resulting trees are as strong as unmodified ones.
For example, food vendors in the main Olympic Park will use compostable packaging made mainly from starch and cellulose-based bio-plastics.
They produced aspens, another species of poplar, that have 45% less lignin and 15% more cellulose than their wild brethren, and grow almost twice as fast, as well.
While no cellulose-based products are currently used in Ford vehicles, the company tested a prototype armrest and determined that there are multiple possible applications for cellulose use in both the interior and exterior.
The main culprit in the cinnamon powder is actually derived from tree bark and contains cellulose, an undigestible fiber capable of producing a strong inflammatory response in lung tissue, leading to long term wheezing and a chronic cough, potentially placing patients at further risk for bouts of pneumonitis or even aspiration pneumonia.
FORBES: An ER Doctor's Perspective on "The Cinnamon Challenge": Don't Even Think of Doing It
The hope is that trees can be modified to make less lignin, and more cellulose.
Even as producers have urged the EPA to lift this bar, it has challenged them to move beyond corn and make ethanol from cellulose, the abundant, inedible portion of most crops.
An analogy: think of a pencil, where the lead in the middle is the cellulose fiber, surrounded by unwanted lignin and hemicellulose.
OMV, an oil and gas company, Voest, a steelmaker, and Lenzing, a maker of cellulose fibre.
ECONOMIST: Austria is toying with a curious new form of protectionism
They immersed films made of cellulose acetate butyrate in solutions of phenyl azido and silica (which is positively charged) and phenyl azido and poly-allylamine hydrochloride (which is negatively charged).
Mr. FOODY: Somewhere between 50 and 100 billion gallons a year of cellulose ethanol could be made in the United States, just from the available resources.
The problem is that turning cellulose into ethanol on an industrial scale will be difficult and expensive.
Switchgrass contains cellulose, the starting material that, with enough heat and the right enzymes and chemicals, can be made into ethanol fuel.
The cellulose fibers used during this partnership came from sustainably grown and harvested trees and also from by-products like wood chips and sawdust.
You have to collect the enzymes, mix them with water and exploded bits of straw, and wait for the enzymes to turn the cellulose into sugar.
The lignin acts as a glue, binding the cellulose fibres together, so an enormous amount of chemical and mechanical effort has to be expended on removing it.
These cellulose-based bioplastics have conventionally been utilized in stationery, toys and household goods.
ENGADGET: NEC builds a better bioplastic from plant stems and cashew nut shells
The U.S. Department of Energy contracted with two enzyme companies, Genencor and Novozymes, to try to reduce the cost of cellulose-dismantling enzymes.
However, a partnership between Ford and Weyerhauser has led to the development of plastic composites made out of cellulose instead of fiberglass.
Meanwhile, the US Forest Service has been deriving cellulose nanocrystals from wood pulp extract to create a material that's stronger than Kevlar and carbon fiber.
After enhancing its reactivity, cardanol is chemically bonded with cellulose, which produces a durable thermo-plastic that is strong, heat resistant, water resistant and non-crystalline (short molding time), due to the bonded cardanol's unique molecular structure consisting of flexible and rigid parts.
ENGADGET: NEC builds a better bioplastic from plant stems and cashew nut shells
They would be converted into glucose (of which cellulose, which makes up much of the dry weight of a plant, is a polymer) and the glucose would be shipped around much as oil is today, for eventual conversion into biofuels and bioplastics.
应用推荐