Much of the damage looks like the result of oxidation by free radicals (oxygen-rich compounds released during cellular energy production).

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Bear gave a speech about how protein production was needed for certain basic cellular processes involved in memory.

FORBES: Magazine Article

T-cells into action with a vaccine is much harder than stimulating the production of antibodies, because of the complex cellular interactions that it takes to get them going.

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Existing lines of inquiry into prolonging lifespan are based either on removing the Hayflick limit, which would have all sorts of untoward consequences, or suppressing production of the oxidative chemicals that are believed to cause much of the cellular damage which is bracketed together and labelled as senescence.

ECONOMIST: A way to counteract part of the process of growing old