Rare earth (RE) metals find application in a massive range of devices including wind turbines, hybrid and electric cars, LCDs, fuel cells, nuclear reactors and lasers.
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They managed to extract the type of DNA found in the nuclei of cells (nuclear DNA) and genetic material from the cell's "powerhouses" - known as mitochondria.
While international sales will remain strong for a while, Venkataraman says, they too will begin to suffer after 2011 as alternative technologies like fuel cells and nuclear hit the market.
While the United States was once a pioneer in developing and commercializing clean energy technologies, from solar cells to nuclear power, we now lag behind our competitors in Asia and Europe in the production of virtually all clean technologies.
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In mice, Daley and colleagues have shown that stem cells derived from the nuclear transfer of cells to make embryos -- the technique described in Mitalipov's paper -- were indeed closer to natural embryo stem cells than induced pluripotent stem cells.
Here again, losses occur, and only 10% of the original egg cells used in nuclear transfer make it this far.
Photoelectric cells and lasers, nuclear power and fiber optics, space travel, and even semiconductors all trace back to his theories.
Only last year, she said, Egli and Paull and their colleagues demonstrated that the nuclear transfer of eggs cells could generate patient-specific stem cell lines for potential cell replacement therapy to treat diseases like diabetes.
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What emerged was a wish list from customers that included cleaner ways to burn coal and more efficient wastewater treatment systems, as well as nuclear power and hydrogen fuel cells.
The liver is Geron's first target in its plan to use cloning technologies, called nuclear transfer, to produce transplantable cells and organs from the patient's own body.
Indeed, the same objection also applies to stem cells that are extracted from embryos produced without nuclear transfer. (Usually these are surplus to requirements for in vitro fertilisation.) Both problems would go away if cells that behave like embryonic stem cells could be made without destroying embryos.
The problem is that making them using somatic-cell nuclear transfer involves breaking up viable embryos, since the cells in question are found inside early-stage embryos, called blastocysts.
Instead of generating embryonic stem cell lines via nuclear transfer, Hwang's group produced the stem cells from days-old embryos, a technique that had already been established by James Thomson at University of Wisconsin in 1998.
The gold standard embryonic stem cells still came from embryos themselves, including ones that were made through nuclear transfer.
Regular chemotherapy works like an indiscriminate nuclear weapon it destroys a massive amount of healthy cells along with cancerous cells.
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Nationwide, the rebirth of nuclear power will keep pushing forward, and breakthroughs in solar cells will bring the environmentalists' dream of solar panels on every roof a bit closer to reality.
Geron , the stem-cell company he founded before moving to ACT, has often talked of nuclear transfer as a way of figuring out how to make stem cells.
Geron (nadsaq: GERN - news - people ), the stem-cell company he founded before moving to ACT, has often talked of nuclear transfer as a way of figuring out how to make stem cells.
Instead, they want to use somatic cell nuclear transfer, the same process used to clone Dolly the sheep in 1997, to create embryonic stem cells.
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