Last year in April 2012, researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology created the first plastic solar cell (Forbes: New Technique Creates First Plastic Solar Cell) which they hope will help change requirements for manufacturing of organic printed electronics.
To measure the refractive indices of different parts of a cell they use a technique called interferometry, which involves splitting a beam of light in two.
Dr Keisuke Kaji, a stem cell researcher at the Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine in Edinburgh said the technique was a "great advance" in cell reprogramming technology.
Last month, Prof Wilmut announced that he was abandoning the cloning of human embryos in stem cell research in favour of a new technique developed in Japan.
The citation for his knighthood credits Prof Wilmut with "revolutionising" biology through the cloning technique which underpins the science of stem cell technology.
The researchers' combinatorial technique was not to make a separate cell on the wafer for each combination of precursors, as Dr Xiang did.
The researchers used a sophisticated statistical modeling technique to assess viral load and CD4 cell loss in more than 2, 800 patients with HIV who were not receiving treatment.
The best-known of the new knights is Professor Wilmut, who is said to have revolutionised biology by successfully pioneering the cloning technique that underpins the science of stem cell technology.
The Roslin Institute's Dr. Ian Wilmut, who pioneered the technique that cloned Dolly from a single mammary cell from an adult sheep, said that while human cloning is theoretically possible, he saw no reason to do so.
For example, if a yeast cell was genetically modified to include a particular gene, this technique would allow the expression of that gene to come under precise control.
FORBES: Cyborg Yeast Have Their Genes Controlled By Computer
Using this technique doubled the efficiency of Dr Kamat's cell from 5% to 10% at ultraviolet wavelengths and he reckons it would create similar increases in efficiency in both plastic and dye-based cells.
The camp's re-engineering awards went to a group that developed a technique to alter the ID numbers on Global System for Mobile Communications cell phones and to another team that found a way to defeat a biometric fingerprint scanning system.
The technique requires only tiny quantities of material, and it can probe a living cell without doing it harm.
It is thought that the technique could now be adapted to treat patients with genetic diseases such as sickle cell anaemia.
If I understand the tetraploid complementation technique utilized in these experiments correctly, then, scientists would no longer need to generate embryos via somatic cell nuclear transfer (cloning).
FORBES: The Line Between Embryonic And Pluripotent Stem Cell Research Is Blurring
Instead of generating embryonic stem cell lines via nuclear transfer, Hwang's group produced the stem cells from days-old embryos, a technique that had already been established by James Thomson at University of Wisconsin in 1998.
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