Although Mr Sharif faces corruption charges that could in theory end his political career, he managed to cow the judiciary in a showdown with the Supreme Court last year.

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When executives like the 42-year-old Weiner were growing up, the theory was that companies provided a career for life.

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Thus launched an academic career in which Ashraf challenges (and sometimes disproves) popular economic theory with field experiments.

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Demand and supply theory suggests that if too many individuals pursue the same career, it will become increasingly difficult for each individual to find a job.

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In them, Hayek discusses the intellectual history of the 19th and 20th centuries, his scholarship, his own life and practices, economic theory, legal institutions and virtually everything else he wrote about over the course of a long and distinguished career.

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