"Given that Reliance has a strong credit profile and has been a regular issuer of senior dated bonds, they are in a position to issue perpetual bonds and capture low borrowing costs for the long term, " Mr. Thakur said.

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Finally, we calculate the net-present-value of all those costs to capture the opportunity cost of tying your money up in a down payment .

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That means it might command a premium worth the costs of air capture.

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That's because high petroleum prices (higher, at any rate, than they were a few years ago) depress demand for gasoline and jet fuel and thus the markup over raw material costs that a refiner can capture.

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The benefits of marriage for individuals and households and the costs of discrimination are hard to capture, but "they wind up being extremely powerful, " Mr. Egan said.

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The phones would capture whatever happened in an accident and cut costs for insurers by letting damage claims be adjudicated quickly and accurately, without the need for extensive legal fees.

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The best-placed exchanges believe that if their trading systems become the standard, they will attract more traders, reducing costs and improving liquidity, and thereby capture yet more business.

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Hence, if an oil delivery business can capture 100% of the business in a particular neighborhood, it will have lower costs than competitors and may choose to pass those lower costs on to customers in the form of lower prices that helps it close delivery deals with more homes in a neighborhood.

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