Concerted actions by governments since then, first in the form of capital injections and liability guarantees, and more recently via schemes to buy or guarantee loans, have signalled their determination to stabilise and clean up their big banks.
These pegs, though necessary to tame inflation in the region, proved a liability when capital flows slowed or reversed.
"They want access to capital, and limited liability, but they want the control of a private company, " says Nell Minow, editor of the Corporate Library, a shareholder advocate.
The Germans are not even allowing the new bailout fund, the European Stability Mechanism, to put money into Spanish banks - for example - without that capital simultaneously becoming a liability of the over-extended Spanish state.
But it is simply a mathematical fact that the least expensive way to provide for an almost certain future liability is to save and invest in capital markets prior to the onset of the liability.
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Its popularity, and the flight of capital to states with limited liability from those without, led most American states to follow suit.
You don't say what type of investments you currently have but on sale of these investments you may have a liability to either income or capital gains tax depending on values and your overall tax position, so you need to consider that potential liability.
Only individuals and pass-through entities (S corporations, partnerships and limited liability companies) benefit from capital gain, there must be a transfer of all rights.
Delta said it will also continue its debt reduction efforts and disciplined capital investment and will aggressively manage its pension liability.
But companies will recognise it, says Mr Steinhardt, because they already think in such terms when assessing product liability, employment law or raising capital.
By submitting to the highest levels of scrutiny, HR would expose the entire organization and its executives to potentially increased liability for their stewardship of valuable human capital assets.
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The Ryan-Sununu approach would turn a deadweight, pay-as-you-go liability system into an enormous generator of capital that would significantly increase economic growth in the years ahead--and give participants far more in retirement payment and leave them a real nest egg of capital.
The private-equity firm Cerberus Capital Management LP announced it no longer wants the political liability of owning Bushmaster, maker of the semi-automatic rifle used by the Sandy Hook killer, as well as Remington Arms, Marlin, Bushmaster, DPMS, Barnes Bullets, Para USA and more.
It also keeps its interest rate and market risks in its asset and liability balances within set ranges, while concurrently enabling ample liquidity and capital levels to fuel growth.
It is important to remember that any American or Frenchman, who decided to exercise their free will and legally sever their tax liability would be liable to pay all applicable taxes (income, capital gains, gift, wealth) right up until the moment that they left.
Companies trying to raise capital for a business plan involving location information can have difficulties as investors see the uncertainty as a liability.
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Indeed, when foreign capital stampedes, its impact on the balance sheets of banks and private enterprises, when they have large unhedged foreign liability, can be devastating, as seen in East Asia.
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