Mr Huckabee failed to capitalise on that upset, however, in part because he had not had the money to build a campaign machine in the states that voted next.
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It is working seamlessly with Mr Obama's own campaign machine, Organising for America, while it is an open secret that the various Republican campaigns are a badly co-ordinated mess.
He has worked to bridge divisions within the opposition, which includes the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party, his own People's Justice Party and the Democratic Action Party, which mostly appeals to ethnic Chinese voters, and to turn the loose alliance into an effective campaign machine.
Singles by X Factor winners have had a stranglehold on the Christmas charts in recent years - a run which was ended last year when an online anti-X Factor campaign helped get Rage Against the Machine to number one.
The Obama campaign says the investment in a huge grassroots electoral machine will prove its worth on election day.
Mr Santorum began the race in Ohio with a big lead in the opinion polls, but Mr Romney's well-funded political machine overcame him in part through a heavy campaign of attack adverts.
They like the fact that he's an organizer, and he's promised to campaign in all 50 states, isn't a great fundraising machine under Dean's leadership.
" Though the Times backs most of Corzine's positions on the issues, it condemned him for financing his campaign "in a way that recalled the abuses of old-time machine politics.
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By 1994 this had become a formidable machine, honed by Mr Gould's observations of the Clinton campaign two years earlier.
Indeed, so many staff have been ferried up from London that its Scottish headquarters is beginning to take on the proportions of the machine it assembled at London's Millbank for the last general-election campaign.
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