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They calculated the force in question from the contact area of the toe, and found that toe pads were still sticky two minutes after the sliding had stopped, long after the point when, according to their estimate of its viscosity, all the mucus would have drained away.
ECONOMIST: How tree frogs keep their grip
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Pollen counts are calculated using the concentration of pollen in a certain area during a specific period (usually 24 hours), according to Pollen.com.
CNN: What's in a pollen count, anyway?
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Having looked at all the information, they calculated that "6.8% of the UK's land area is now classified as urban" (a definition that includes rural development and roads, by the way).
BBC: The great myth of urban Britain