Fortunately, the life of the researcher is made easy by standard statistical software packages.
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Original issues were less volatile, as measured by standard deviations of returns (3.52% versus 4.26%).
Three of the five were already experiencing mild cognitive impairment as judged by standard memory tests.
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What is less widely known is that the range of processes covered by standard software is modest.
Delivering up to eight hours of continuous operation, the lightweight GD300 is powered by standard lithium-ion batteries.
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Britain was not identified as a credit risk by Standard and Poor's in its report earlier this month.
There is pending a petition for certiorari filed by Standard Investment Chartered Inc. with the U.S. Supreme Court in a related case.
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Risk is the volatility of an investment as measured by standard deviation.
The case was originally filed by Standard Investment Chartered, Inc. and Benchmark Financial Services, Inc. (whose owner, Edward Siedle, is a Forbes.com columnist).
One of those factors is volatility (often measured by standard deviation).
By standard valuation measures, the market is fairly or attractively priced.
Mr Shaeuble suggested the recent downgrade of Italy's credit rating by Standard and Poor's may encourage it to speed up its own austerity measures to reassure markets.
It could mean every sign of individual brands, from their logo, colour or typeface, being replaced by standard packaging simply carrying warnings and the name of the cigarettes.
Scientists say symptoms of swine flu in humans appear to be similar to those produced by standard, seasonal flu - fever, cough, sore throat, body aches and chills.
As you can see in the graph below, when combining such assets, returns generally shift to the lower right: higher return and lower risk (as measured by standard deviation).
According to the US constitution, tax legislation has to start in the House of Representatives - by standard practice, in the powerful Ways and Means Committee - rather than the Senate.
The standing of the fund relies on the credit of the countries that back it, including France, which is threatened with a two-notch downgrade to its AAA credit rating by Standard and Poor's.
We also appreciated that most functions remain governed by standard switches, buttons and dials instead of an annoyingly complex menu-driven multimedia system of the sort that tends to hamper most upscale cars these days.
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More than half of the investors at the company's annual general meeting, led by Standard Life, an insurer, voted against what they saw as the flouting of agreed performance measures in setting top executives' pay.
Moreover, since the Obamacare plans are likely to pay providers less than rates offered by standard private coverage (and maybe even less than Medicare rates) many of the most efficient doctors could simply refuse to accept Obamacare, just like they refuse Medicaid.
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The reasons given by Standard and Poor's for warning that it may downgrade the credit ratings of all but one of the eurozone's member governments - the exception being Greece, which already has an exceptionally low junk rating - are in a sense uncontroversial.
By that standard, you'd veto everything if something might be introduced by future administrations.
By any standard, the record of the French intelligence services has been impressive to date, aided by some of Europe's toughest anti-terrorism laws.
Although Russia is, by any standard, often a problematic and difficult partner, neither American nor allied interests would be served by an increase in US-Russia tensions.
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The aim and point of the whole game is profit: by which standard we really can say that Apple is the leading phone handset maker, even if it fails by some of the others.
By that standard, the Red Bulls' splashy acquisition of Henry counts as a miss.
However, as previously reported by The Standard, one New York-based company, InfoSplit, disagrees with that finding.
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The New York Giants' fifth-round draft pick is big for a defensive back by any standard.
By that standard, we can rigorously define when a recession starts and when it ends.
When compared to other sectors, home builders are not out of line by this standard.
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