One depends on the idea that the water vapour which forms clouds condenses initially around tiny particles known as aerosols (many of which are produced by algae).
After sampling waters from the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans at all latitudes, they found that the amount of AAPB in the water is controlled mainly by the level of planktonic algae in the region, rather than by the amount of light.
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First, simply by absorbing sunlight, algae floating on the surface warm the water.
Biofuels made from algae can be produced in a way that make this energy source cost-competitive with crude oil by increasing the amount of energy algae stores as fat, according to early research from VG Energy, an alternative energy and agricultural biotech company.
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Biodiesel can be produced by extracting the oil from the algae cell.
The lake's algae, bacteria and invertebrates appeared unfazed by the extra hormone which she dumped in the lake at regular intervals.
According to a life-cycle analysis, the land-based crops all were found to sequester more carbon than that incurred in growing them, while the contrary was true for growing algae, meaning that replacing fossil fuels by algal fuels could cause an overall increase in carbon emissions.
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Unlike other algae blooms, red tides are not caused by pollution, the wildlife service said.
The algae in the device lives in water surrounded by a gas-permeable membrane and helped by light from and LED.
The sun is replaced by sugar, essentially, which is fed to the algae, which then produces different types of oil that can be processed into a variety of fuels, suitable for cars and planes.
And given that the krill (tiny crustaceans) that penguins feed on are also dependent on the ice for their own existence (they feed on algae on the ice) - some colonies affected by eroded floes could face a double-whammy of high fledgling mortality and restricted food resources.
The new Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2), which took effect on July 1st, limits conventional ethanol to 15 billion gallons of the annual 36 billion gallons of renewable fuel that must be used for transport by 2022, and the administration has just announced extra funding for algae-based biofuels (see article).
He is by no means the only person to be working on the idea of turning algae into biofuels, but he has one or two particular ideas about how to do it.
Most biofuels schemes entail some plant or algae using photosynthesis to create a sugar that is transformed into fuel either by the organism or after the plant is harvested.
It is also installing stern flaps on its amphibious vehicles that can reduce fuel use by 2-3%, and developing better coatings to prevent the growth of algae and barnacles on hulls that cause drag and increase fuel consumption.
Certainly, it is likely that algae will become an essential component of the mix of means to keep transportation going by means other than crude oil.
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