Transparency International, a watchdog, rates 21 of the 38 countries that have signed the OECD's anti-bribery convention as weak enforcers, including Mexico.

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Many see compliance with the anti-bribery convention as a big test of Russia's willingness to meet the still broader demands of full membership.

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The bribery convention is a more formal instrument.

ECONOMIST: The OECD and corruption

In May it was cordially welcomed as a full participant in the OECD's highest-profile activity: a convention to outlaw bribery.

ECONOMIST: The OECD and corruption

It explored a number of initiatives, and in 1997 helped launch the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's (OECD) Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions.

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Mikhail Grishankov, who chairs parliament's Anti-Corruption Committee, praises Russia's recent ratification of the United Nations Anti-Corruption Convention, which he says will help stigmatize bribery in Russia.

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Russia has already changed its bribery legislation to jump through OECD hoops, though the Duma has yet to ratify membership of the convention.

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