Unlike the people answering questionnaires or participating in focus groups, brain waves don't lie.
But Karmarkar says that the research is more about understanding brain waves, not controlling them.
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It reduces the chaotic patterns of brain waves to a simple 100-point scale to indicate level of awareness.
The 1968 Harvard committee recommended that doctors use electroencephalography (EEG) to make sure the patient has flat brain waves.
This noise can be filtered out by averaging hundreds of recorded brain waves.
Companies had explored similar technology for controlling video games, but building hardware controlled by brain waves still seemed like science fiction.
Self-adhesive electronics devices thinner than the diameter of a human hair can monitor the human heart, brain waves and muscle activity.
During a sleep study, wires attached to the head monitor brain waves that reveal which stage of sleep a person is in.
Dr. AK Pradeep, the CEO of Neurofocus, showed how his company measures the effectiveness of advertising by monitoring consumer brain waves.
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But in at least two studies before the 1981 Uniform Determination of Death Act, some "brain-dead" patients were found to be emitting brain waves.
In high school, Hotz built the Neuropilot, a sort of Segway controlled by brain waves, which you could drive around by thinking about it.
After an hour of rigging they bid me good night and retreat somewhere to monitor my eye and leg movements, brain waves and breathing.
The rational response to the injection of brain waves into Madison Avenue is that it will neither revolutionize marketing nor make us consumer slaves.
Even better is that this state of consciousness can be witnessed in EEG recordings of the brain as a heightened, synchronous pattern of brain waves (called gamma synchrony).
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This is according to a patent application the company filed that proposes, among other things, an advanced alarm clock that monitors brain waves to detect when you enter and leave REM sleep.
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The only NASA study that recorded pilots' brain waves during transoceanic flights caught 44% of the pilots sleeping in the cockpit, just like their passengers in the back of the plane .
Sports car maker Ferrari SpA, for one, has filed a patent application that indicates the company is evaluating technology that would embed wireless electrodes in a car seat's headrest to monitor drivers' brain waves for stress as they pilot machines capable of roaring up to 200 miles per hour.
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Indeed, how else to explain why Honda has studied the maddeningly evasive cockroach (for anticollision technology), decoded the rice genome (to increase crop yields and create more-productive crops for biofuels) and developed a robot that can get instructions by reading human brain waves (to learn how machines and humans can better coexist).
This fitted the prediction that the downscaling slow-waves would be strongest in those parts of the brain where the most changes had taken place during the day.
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