The filter feeder fish at the bottom of the food chain then ingest these nano-particles of plastic.
Deep clams, worms, crabs and other macro-organisms feed on this community, which comes at the bottom of the food chain.
These corporations tend to see Africa simply as the bottom of the supply chain rather than a market for serious, business-minded investments.
"We're trying to capture what happens from the very bottom of the food chain to the very top and look at the dynamics throughout the ecosystem, " said Mackinson.
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Until now, Viewpoint's strategy has been to place itself at the bottom of the feeding chain: film studios and special-effects houses customise its models before Steven Spielberg and his ilk weave them into their story lines.
It can adversely affect forests and crops, and is also linked with damage to plankton, the microscopic creatures at the bottom of the marine food chain.
Coffee in hand, you climb into your beloved 1997 Corolla as you mentally prepare for another grueling day at the bottom of the office food chain.
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As trade shrinks, millions of workers are losing their foothold on the bottom rungs of the global supply chain.
Maids are the bottom of the upward mobility food chain in Brazil.
These can be produced exclusively for a supermarket chain at rock-bottom prices.
Five months ago he could have snapped up an American hotel chain at rock-bottom prices, as investors fretted about an oversupply of rooms and disappointing profits.
The elaborate, gaudy jewelry was crafted by artisans with a medallion at the bottom and an 18-karat gold chain with more than 200 rubies, emeralds and diamonds.
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His fellow party member Aled Roberts AM stressed the importance of first time buyers in the property chain as he said that there is "no point hoping people will climb the property ladder if the bottom rung is missing".
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