To the bottom would be lowered waste-bearing metal canisters a foot across and 15 feet long.

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The Monadnock is a good place to get a practical sense of how quickly these innovations were catching on: the original northern half of the building consists of traditional load-bearing walls that are 6ft thick at the bottom, while the southern half, constructed only two years later, uses the then-revolutionary metal frame for drastically thinner walls that go just as high.

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Ranged across the bottom are hundreds of small, monkish figures in robes and bearing gifts: a lotus here, a fan there, a sceptre, a letter, beads, scrolls or round pots of incense.

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