The clinical effects include runny nose, chest pain, shortness of breath, confusion, followed by vomiting, loss of bowel and bladder function, convulsions, loss of consciousness, and suffocation.

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This operation is intended to restore bladder function to people with spina bifida, a congenital defect that causes nerve damage and a loss of sensation and muscle function below the waist.

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These accusations were odd because an independent pilot study of the technique, whose results were published formally in the August issue of the Journal of Urology, but which have been common knowledge since 2008, suggests most of the patients involved have indeed experienced improvements in bladder function.

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Peckham has provided patients with the ability to move a hand, cough, control bladder and bowel function, roll over and stand up.

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Other complaints may include mood changes, vaginal and bladder problems, changes in sexual function, bone loss and an increase in bad cholesterol.

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The MRC scientists say in humans this would be vital for spinal injury patients who had lost sexual function and bowel and bladder control.

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