The antibodies bind to the CTLA-4, found on a cell's surface, and shut off the brake.

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The screening process, developed at Utah State University, uses laboratory created antibodies which bind only to specific types of bacteria.

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Erbitux and Vectibix are antibodies that bind to receptors on the cell surface called EGF and blocks signals that turn kras on.

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In addition, these antibodies can bind to and destroy healthy cells as well as HIV-infected ones, making them a potentially useful but unpredictable partner in fighting the virus.

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To do this, they used antibodies designed to bind to and thus decommission the molecules on T cells that are used to shake hands with antigen-presenting cells.

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Fibrogen researchers spent two years painstakingly screening 150 antibodies, and found 2 that hinder CTGF's ability to bind with cell receptors.

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Researchers found that the first round of broadly neutralizing antibodies generally appeared about 14 weeks after infection, and these were better able to bind to portions of HIV that the virus doesn't change as quickly or as frequently.

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When the antibodies on the surface of the nanotubes come in contact with a target protein, the proteins bind to the tubes and spread them apart a tiny bit.

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