To make matters more complicated, Beijing is involved in a territorial dispute with Japan, and it has started to hurt bi-lateral trade between the two.
The practice gained popularity and participants via free trade agreements and bi-lateral investment treaties in which developed countries would require developing countries to agree to have disputes handled by the ICSID.
But things seem to be back on track and in February 2009, the Chinese Vice-Prime Minister, Hui Liangyu visited Ecuador to deepen bi-lateral relations and to discuss the Manta Base venture.
Donors and impact investors, including bi-lateral and multi-lateral agencies, provide the foundational capital for all five pathways, but their role depends on whether they are focused on scaling proven models or innovating new models.