It has to be equal weighted to its benchmark, and therefore no costly research is used in the daily operation of the fund.

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Carolina Milanesi of Gartner, a market-research firm, expects Google to use Motorola to build benchmark models for Android devices to help others improve their products.

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The benchmark study, by the Natural Resources Defense Council and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), found that plug-in hybrids are cleaner than regular cars in each of nine scenarios.

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That index measures factors like licensing, philanthropy, research and development and pricing by company, offering companies the opportunity to benchmark their responsibility efforts against those of their competitors.

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The hut may well become a benchmark for future Alpine huts, with its designer, the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, continuing to research its energy and resource use.

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