Problems have included price controls, which prevent below-cost selling, rigid labour laws and tough zoning regulations, which make it extremely difficult to build big stores.
"Google's predatory distribution of Android at below-cost makes it difficult for other providers of operating systems to recoup investments in competing with Google's dominant mobile platform, " FairSearch said in a statement.
The defendants schemed with each other, raw material suppliers and certain lenders to flood the U.S. market with solar panels at below-cost prices, the Fremont, California-based company said in the complaint.
The First District Court of Appeals in San Francisco ratified a jury finding that the VVMH units, New Times Media LLC and SF Weekly LLC, wildly overstepped when the SF Weekly was acquired in 1995 and then below-cost advertising sold to compete against the more established Bay Guardian.
Chancellor George Osborne has proposed a cap of 1% - which is below the expected rise in the cost of living - on increases in most working-age benefits, such as Jobseeker's Allowance and maternity pay, and tax credits for three years from 2013-14.
One of Christine Quinn's signature pitches as she runs for New York City mayor is a housing plan that would create 80, 000 new low-cost apartments with prices that potentially could stay below-market rate forever.
But below the radar lurks a cost-beneficial solution that more immediately meets the needs of potential employers and employees, especially at the higher end of the salary scale.
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Also in March, Bristol-Myers started selling two of its aids drugs at below cost, and it has allowed generics to come into the sub-Saharan market.
Volunteers of all races build candy-colored new homes sold below cost to returning New Orleanians.
It wasn't uncommon for monitors to sell for below what it cost to make them--the benefit being that sales in 2001 were about double that of the previous year.
Many of those contracts promise to supply electricity below the cost of energy produced by natural-gas fired power plants.
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Apart from the liquidity bind, it was tied to certain contracts to supply its beverage- can stock at a price below the cost.
Google notes that a site called ApartmentHomeLiving.com, which displays apartment listings, has seen an almost 50% increase in the number of conversions, with a cost-per-conversion 73% below traditional search ads.
Marten said that American Airlines simply engaged in traditional American-style competition, and neither priced its flights below cost nor undercut other carriers' fares.
Under this umbrella organization, Mehta, a graduate of the Sloan School of Management at MIT in the United States, heads the Jaipur Foot team, which provides world-class artificial limbs, rehabilitation aids and other appliances to physically-challenged individuals below the poverty line, and at no cost to the beneficiary.
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Taken to the extreme, owners of clubs like Chelsea and Manchester City can attempt to overwhelm the opposition by assembling never-before-seen squads of immense cost (see first graph below) which results in unprecedented odds in their favor of winning the league title if they can get more of that talent on the pitch than the competition (see second graph below).
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"There should also be an end to discounted drinks, such as two-for-one deals, happy hours and supermarkets selling alcohol at below cost prices, " Mr Craik said.
Cremation or burial, open casket, closed casket or no casket, private services or public services, low-cost approach or more costly approach, above ground or below ground or indoor or outdoor final resting place were just a few of the important decisions.
Some observers believe that Emirates is a pioneer of low-cost long-haul travel, capable of keeping economy fares below competitors' if it has to.
It was ultimately won by BlueCross BlueShield of Tennessee with a benefit package that meets a great many -- not all -- of the real needs of the uninsured at a cost far below conventional plans.
We adjusted salary data to account for cost-of-living expenses and discarded any school with a response rate below 15%.
He suggests an equity collar--buying a put below the market price and selling a call above it to defray the cost.
That is far below what most project-financiers would expect for assuming the risks of corporate bankruptcy, construction delays and cost overruns.
The hope is that with the state paying for the high-cost cases, the insurance industry would be encouraged to develop polices which would cover any care costs below the cap.
The trick is writing software and algorithms that tackle industry-specific problems, such as flight scheduling that keeps pilots below flying limits and financial models that account for the cost of currency exchanges.
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