Economists have debated this for 50 years, beginning with a paper by Arnold C.

FORBES: Bloomberg's Jonathan Weil Is Simply Wrong Here About Apple's Taxes

Although Alberto needs no diagram or carving kit to create his jack-o'-lantern, he recommends the novice carver design a face on paper before beginning.

CNN: Carving up a spooky Halloween

Beginning in 2007, regulators allowed companies to save shipping and paper costs by sending only a one-page form to shareholders, while referring them to proxy statements and annual 10-K reports online.

WSJ: Getting Going: Why Proxy Votes May Matter More This Year

The Nature paper, he said, "may mark the beginning of the end of this controversy" because it relies on DNA data from unrelated people, which is harder to dispute.

WSJ: Intelligence Changes Linked to Genes

The last time the costs of the referendum were looked at was in the Scottish government's consultation paper Your Scotland - Your Referendum, published at the beginning of last year.

BBC: Sign saying 18 September

Brought up in Cheshire, northern England, in the 1970s, Brooks is said to have decided on a career in journalism at the age of 14, beginning with a job as a "tea girl" at her local paper.

CNN: Phone-hacking scandal: Who is Rebekah Brooks?