But ahead of that framework, he announced a review of postgraduate education, to be carried out by Professor Adrian Smith, director general of science and research in his department.

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In a provocative list of debating topics, Professor Caplan asks his students whether the economy would be more efficient if education were taxed.

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He added a previous review of higher education by Professor Merfyn Jones had identified the need for the sector to be more committed "to delivering our national policies".

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