Developing a complicated procedure to purify stem cells for human trials was difficult at Scripps, because academic settings and government grants support basic research, not the applied-process development required for such targeted research, and Friedlander didn't want to go the typical venture-capital route.

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But there are natural flows to human discovery and knowledge, and basic and applied research are not enemies.

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Venture capital is frequently the only private money willing to take a chance on commercializing the revolutionary ideas coming out of basic and applied research into solar cells, batteries, or biofuels.

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But it is not impossible that the resultant blurring of basic and applied research, allied to the emergence of the core-and-cloud university, will turn out to revitalise university science rather than damage it.

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And because our economic future depends on our leadership in the industries of the future, we are investing in basic applied research, and working to create the incentives to build a new clean energy economy.

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Forensic laboratories are already overburdened, and are places of applied science rather than basic research.

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It is probably fair to say that deep-sea research today is equally important to both pure and applied research, since the discovery of new species not only nurtures basic knowledge but is also likely to lead to the identification of new chemicals, which in turn tend to lead to new applications and new economic markets.

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