Mr. Miller offers an example based on a New York City resident and current tax rates.

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The decision leaves for future litigation questions about whether software that involves an algorithm based on natural laws, for example, or patents on certain medical procedures will survive review.

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Some NFL teams do not seek a corporate sponsor based on the legacy of the name of the field (an example being Lambeau Field).

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This is an example of a studio making strong headway based on reputation alone.

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An example of the new breed is Grupo Interbank, based on a bank privatised in 1994.

ECONOMIST: Efficiency drive

The iron-and-carbon-based ink used in one of the oldest Hebrew commentaries on the Old Testament is an example of this.

ECONOMIST: Monitor

So an affluence test based on the woman's income alone could, for example, catch a civil servant but let off the wife of a merchant banker.

ECONOMIST: Welfare benefits

Clearances can come from multiple sources, so a DVD release of an old TV show, for example, can be tied up for years based on obtaining licenses to the music alone.

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The article cites as an example a Cornell University study where undergraduates were asked to choose a car based on either the car attributes or the way the various attributes made them feel.

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For example, based on his past experience as a senior executive at Seiko Instruments, he set up an outsourced sales team.

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