As a business, making cupcakes has a relatively low barrier to entry and the field has become saturated with competitors, including individual bakeries, chains and grocery stores.

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The former England captain attempted to jump over a barrier as he left the field at half-time into a section of the crowd that had been jeering him.

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Many of the injuries were sustained when fans jumped onto the field from a barrier as high as 15 feet in places, said Michael Authement, director of operations for emergency medical provider LifeNet EMS. Others were stomped on in the push to get to the field, he said.

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And the settlement will create a huge barrier for any new entrants in this field.

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Secondly, the relatively small cost will likely lower the barrier to entry for advanced microscopy and make field diagnosis an easier and more viable option in places like Africa.

FORBES: Sciences