Retail demand shift pales in comparison to the central bank trade.
During this period, Safra's European private bank, Trade Development Bank, was attracting a well-heeled Middle Eastern clientele.
Whereas online brokers once fought to attract fidgety, active traders, today they are jostling to bring in long-term investors, who might bank, trade and invest under one roof.
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Instead, they will all be made to through a mechanism -- the Inter-Republic Committee -- which even Secretary Madigan acknowledges is a "creature of the central government" and Vneshekonombank (V-Bank), the center's foreign trade bank.
Meanwhile, the Beijing-based Bank of China said it was halting transactions from North Korea's Foreign Trade Bank.
That leaves Mongolia's biggest bank, the state-owned Trade and Development Bank.
The bank started to trade gold and, by 1980, was one of the biggest in that market.
Traditionally China's foreign-exchange and trade bank, it still has the largest presence abroad.
CSOB, its foreign-trade bank, by the middle of next year, and large chunks of Komercni and Sporitelna by mid-2000.
The US Treasury had warned financial institutions around the world to be wary of the risks of doing business with Foreign Trade Bank.
Last week, the Maldives government published a policy document, making the sort of noises about promoting competition that the World Bank and World Trade Organisation expect to hear these days.
In recent days, Germany has signaled its willingness to sign on to a European Union effort to sanction the European-Iranian Trade Bank, or EIH. (A formal designation by the EU is expected on Monday).
No bank is going to trade an asset paying above-market interest for one paying at-market interest.
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In 1983 Mr Safra agreed to sell Trade Development Bank to American Express, then a sprawling financial services group.
The restrictions on cash withdrawals remain in place, but the government is also going to allow exporters to open dollar bank accounts for foreign trade.
John Paulson told investors today he still likes his long trade in Bank of America but has now lowered his outlook on how far robust the bank can book earning per shares in 2012.
One explanation is that, as bank loans begin to trade in the secondary markets like ordinary bonds, the banks themselves are less interested in preventing borrowers from imploding than when they kept the debt on their books.
These people contend that his background was a much better fit for the firm's traditional business of trading futures on exchanges for clients, rather than its aspirations under Mr. Corzine to become a full-service investment bank that could nimbly trade various financial instruments.
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Last week the International Financial Institution Advisory Commission, created by the U.S. Congress and made up of 11 American economists and other experts, released its reform recommendations for the IMF, the World Bank, the Asian, Latin American and African development banks, the World Trade Organization and the Bank for International Settlements.
HSBC, the authorities believe, would benefit the Trade and Development Bank and the whole financial system.
London Underground says it has a long-standing agreement with all of its trade unions covering bank holidays.
Many West Bank businesses enjoyed a healthy trade with the strip's 1.4m people.
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According to the Inter-American Development Bank, China's trade barriers are generally in line with those of other developing countries and are gradually being lowered.
Lack of bank notes stifles what little trade there might be, and forces people to spend several hours a day hunting for ways to settle bills and buy goods.
My colleague Jesse Jenkins and I warned about this last Friday, when we argued that cap and trade advocates would use recent news that Deutsche Bank is moving clean energy investment overseas as evidence that cap and trade would have kept investment in the United States.
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The impact of staging such a huge Bank Holiday event on the hospitality trade is also clear.
They want the Reserve Bank of India, the central bank, to stem a flourishing trade in dirty money.
Mr Browne said the BBA, the leading trade body for the bank sector, would work to regain public trust.
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