Internet backbone is a bit of a misnomer -- it's really backbones these days.
It tells us about our own development and why our own backbones developed they way they did.
That suggested they formed from interactions between bits of the backbones, rather than the variable side chains.
And these backbones have so much bandwidth that a lot of it is currently "dark, " or unused.
Velcade, approved in 2003, and Revlimid, a thalidomide successor approved in 2006, are now backbones of myeloma treatment, doctors say.
That's why the backbones' current proprietors are constantly upgrading, and working on ways to milk more bandwidth from their existing fiber.
"The unrelenting growth in Internet traffic during 2007 may overwhelm some of the Internet's backbones, " according to a recent report by Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu.
Another company, Internap, uses software to choose which of the 11 major backbones in the U.S. can most efficiently deliver data at any given moment.
The wreaths' backbones are made up of boxwood cuttings from a landscape maintenance company that works on historical sites such as the U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis, Md.
The fastest backbones in use today are OC-12 lines, which transmit data at 622 mbps, but Sprint recently announced plans to upgrade to OC-48 -- 2.5 gigabits per second.
Offers of cash caused a surge of dopamine in a tiny piece of neural machinery called the nucleus accumbens--a structure as ancient as backbones that plays a key role in addiction.
The backbones connect major cities, bypassing rural areas altogether.
Exploding usage of the Internet in the early 1990s drove the expansion of the network core, giving rise to the long-haul backbones of newcomers like WorldCom, Qwest, Williams Cos. and Level 3.
Because it was too expensive to deploy all the computers needed to serve small local markets, fiber-optic backbones now serve mainly as cross-country thruways, but the shift to optics could let fiber networks extend farther into neighborhoods than ever before.
But since 1995, that simple anatomy has given way to several separate backbones -- thousands of miles of extremely-high-bandwidth fiber-optic cable owned by the likes of Sprint, GTE, IBM, and MCI WorldCom, connecting major metropolitan areas all over the country.
Our strategy to build economically competitive, environmentally sustainable, opportunity-rich communities that serve as the backbone for our long-term growth and prosperity -- three items: First, we'll build strong regional backbones for our economy by coordinating federal investments in economic and workforce development -- because today's metropolitan areas don't stop at downtown.
That, along with the fact that Acomplia seems to reduce risk factors for heart disease, could make it a widely prescribed medicine along with the heart medicines that are the backbones of Pfizer (nyse: PFE - news - people ), GlaxoSmithKline (nyse: GSK - news - people ), and Merck (nyse: MRK - news - people ).
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