In many cases, back pay was awarded to those employees who were adversely affected by the pay disparities.
The civil provision creates a right to reinstatement, back pay and damages for whistle-blowers.
An appellate court ruled that the experts had to return to work and received some back pay.
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That could make it harder for banks to claw back pay if a bank runs into trouble.
The ruling could potentially affect 250, 000 employees and cost the financial industry billions of dollars in back pay.
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For example, the Court could uphold certification and allow for injunctive relief but not back pay or punitive damages.
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The plaintiffs are seeking back pay, punitive damages and changes in how Wal-Mart makes its pay and promotion decisions.
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Mr. Conn, who receives a percentage of the back pay owed to his clients, will collect more fees because of the delay.
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They seek back pay and punitive damages against the world's largest retailer.
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If the appeal is successful, the applicant is entitled to "back pay" disability payments dating to the time of the injury or disability.
So far, the airline remains in dire straits with many employees still not getting paid back pay promised earlier in the year.
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Some of them are now demanding a decade's worth of back pay.
Violating the act is a civil matter with possible remedies including reinstatement -- "which I'm not interested in, " Iglesias said -- or back pay.
On an earthly plane, football fans in Belgrade have been jeering the president, while reservists in southern Serbia have blocked roads demanding back pay.
Mr. HOWARD FOSTER (Attorney in Chicago, Illinois): We will divvy up the money so that everybody gets some amount of money for their back pay.
If it does, and the women's attorneys prove gender discrimination, Wal-Mart could be forced to pay billions of dollars in back pay and punitive damages.
The leading case, Alden v Maine, was brought by a group of Maine probation officers suing for back pay under a 1938 federal labour law.
About 30 flights were cancelled Wednesday as workers demand back pay.
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Last week, the Delta witnessed the first failure of a large manufacturer, resulting in 4, 000 idled workers taking to the streets to demand back pay.
Other than Forbes-ranked billionaire Vijay Mallya whipping out a few hundred million dollars to pay off debtors and back pay owed to the airlines staffers, nothing.
United States a three-judge panel reversed a ruling from the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia that federal judges deserved back pay and future cost-of-living adjustments.
He told the Times that the way that unions had worked with management to back pay cuts and flexible working as an alternative to job losses was a "miracle".
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Kingfisher employees have taken the airline to court, asking the company to be placed into bankruptcy, its assets sold to pay off eight months of back pay owed to numerous employees.
Specifically, the Act provides an independent cause of action for a whistle-blower who has experienced employer retaliation, which allows the whistle-blower to recover double back pay with interest and attorney fees.
In the Wal-Mart case, all female employees are included and the lawyers are seeking back pay, a form of compensation that some courts might find precluded them from ever suing for money again.
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The majority in the Ninth Circuit agreed, dismissing the enormous potential damages of back pay and statutory penalties to say the main objective of the case is to obtain injunctive relief to end the discriminatory policies.
Surveys also show that 82% of whistle-blowers who revealed their identity were fired, quit, or given new responsibilities despite the SOX mandate that requires employees be rehired to their positions and reimbursed back pay and legal fees.
In asking the Supreme Court to review the issue, Wal-Mart said the appeals court misapplied the standards for defining a class of plaintiffs, exposing it to punitive damages when it should be liable only for back pay.
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Garaufis of Brooklyn said the city's financial exposure could end up being "significantly" lower after claimants in the case, the thousands of minority applicants who were rejected by the FDNY, apply for back pay in the coming months.
Not only would the women be awarded back pay, but because of precedent set in a 2010 National Labor Relations Board case, that back pay would be subject to a daily compound interest penalty, according to the Labor Relations Counsel.
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