The situation in England, Wales and Northern Ireland is in contrast to that in Scotland, where officers have received the back-dated pay rise in full.

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Federal prosecutors say that after O'Shea was fired by ABB, he worked with CFE officials to cover up their scheme by creating fake, back-dated correspondence to document work that had, according to the Feds, not been performed.

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Ms. Menendez's run-ins with police dated back to 2000, when she was arrested on a charge of using a stolen credit-card number to make a purchase, the law-enforcement official said.

WSJ: Subway-Push Suspect's Past

They were unaware that they were victims and this dated back over a three-year period.

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The act replaced the US Jackson-Vanik amendment, which dated back to the Cold War.

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Minnesotan Andrew John Arlotta dated a woman for a year back in 2008-2009.

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The building dated back to the 18th century, but a mid-20th-century fire meant that everything but the basement had been rebuilt.

WSJ: Inside Story: A Modern Farmhouse in Austria

The two predecessor exchanges dated back to the presidency of Boris Yeltsin in the early-to-mid-1990s, following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.

BBC: Moscow Exchange plans share flotation

However, it also squandered much of the prestige it had enjoyed for upholding a spirit of public service that dated all the way back to the glory days of the samurai era in the 17th-19th centuries.

ECONOMIST: Tackling Japan's bureaucracy