For a study published last year, researchers Jonathan Haidt and Jennifer A. Silvers invited nursing mothers to bring their babies and watch a clip from "The Oprah Winfrey Show" in which a musician paid moving tribute to his former teacher for steering him away from a life of crime and gangs.
Birth families were demanding a greater role in choosing an adoptive family for their babies, and birth mothers had more clout in the negotiating process as the stigma of having child out of wedlock eased.
In Africa, a program called Mothers2Mothers trains moms with HIV to work alongside doctors and nurses to help other HIV-positive mothers adhere to their antiretroviral treatments and get their babies tested for HIV.
Mothers and babies comically stuff fruit into their mouths, hands and feet before fleeing into the forest.
As well as helping mothers care for babies and keeping a diary of their progress, the Dutch nurses help with chores such as cleaning and laundry, make sure older children are properly fed and ensure mothers' rest is not interrupted by too many visitors.
Between traditional cloth diapers and kaidangku, Chinese mothers felt that they had their babies covered.
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The researchers stress that only a small proportion of breast cancer cases develop before the menopause, and so mothers whose babies are large should not be unduly worried by their findings.
In all of these species, the mothers usually have their babies one at a time, and those offspring are dependent on at least one of their parents for several years after birth.
Most of the time, mothers' breasts produce sufficient milk and babies are adept at getting their food.
Mary Lily Walker set up pioneering restaurants across Dundee at which mothers who agreed to stay off work and breastfeed their babies could get free meals.
Eighty percent of the babies in the prenatal surgery group were born somewhat premature and the mothers were at increased risk to have their uterus rupture.
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She also says that the ultimate goal of the study was to find a way to help more mothers breast-feed, and to do so for as long as possible to help their babies.
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