In just a few decades, humans have managed to cause the kind of atmospheric changes that it took geological climate cycles millions of years to accomplish.
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The only thing we are unsure about is how long it will take for the Earth system to display those atmospheric changes as climate change phenomena.
Researchers using the car-sized mobile laboratory have identified transient whirlwinds, mapped winds in relation to slopes, tracked daily and seasonal changes in air pressure, and linked rhythmic changes in radiation to daily atmospheric changes.
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While inclusion of a Figure 4 is not essential for the purpose of illuminating the statistical flaws in the Douglass et al. "consistency test", such a Figure would clearly show the (currently large) structural uncertainties in radiosonde-based estimates of the vertical profile of atmospheric temperature changes.
"Ice shelves are sensitive to atmospheric warming and to changes in ocean currents and temperatures, " Helmut Rott from the University of Innsbruck said in an statement from the space agency.
As an explanation for the conundrum of the ice ages, this notion could only hold water if a mechanism for such large changes in atmospheric composition might be found in the real world.
Such tree-ring records, along with other so-called proxy archives, can provide a wealth of information about volcanic events and their varying impacts around the globe because of resulting shifts in atmospheric circulation and other climate changes, dating for centuries prior to the period of instrumental record.
It is not a consequence of higher air temperatures, but from changes in ocean circulation caused by atmospheric forcing.
Yes, there is a general correlation between atmospheric CO2 levels and temperatures, but one where temperature changes lead, not follow CO2 fluctuations.
Land use changes matter because different types of surface strongly affect the atmospheric distribution of the Sun's energy.
Those who pay honest attention to long-term climate patterns will note that atmospheric CO2 concentration fluctuations do not lead, but typically follow, temperature changes.
And it is this: fuller rivers cannot be explained by more rainfall or haze or changes in land use, but they can be explained by higher concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide.
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