The alternatives to asphalt roads are gravel roads, dirt roads, and concrete slab roads.

FORBES: Peak Oil and ERoEI: Still Nonsense

Even then, the icy swamp fights to reassert itself, pushing up through cracks in the frozen asphalt roads of the town centre.

BBC: News - Today - Life in the oil-rich Siberian town of Strezhevoy

Could solar-powered glass roads replace asphalt?

FORBES: 'Avatar' Sequels To Be Solar-Powered

On some estimates, about 80% of the original route is still driveable, even though it is now fragmented into frontage roads, small-town streets, rural highways and isolated patches of asphalt.

ECONOMIST: A road through the heart | The