Beware also ancillary providers, such as anesthesiologists, pathologists, radiologists and pharmacists, who might bill separately from the hospital and the surgeon.

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Russia's investigations committee has asked the US authorities to provide documents surrounding the case, including a report by forensic pathologists, as part of its own criminal investigation, Interfax news agency reports.

BBC: Russia 'concerned' over Max Shatto Texas death ruling

Pathologists revealed that Ms Leiper had died as a result of blunt force trauma to the head which would have killed her within two hours.

BBC: Amanda Leiper killed in Aberdeen over 'lazy' comment

President of the Royal College of Pathologists, Professor John Lilleyman, has also described the professor's line of defence as "surprising" as it appeared to contradict the findings of the report into the scandal.

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