The technology, however, could be applied to other vaccines, such as those against influenza virus, or vaccines under development for TB and malaria or for existing vaccines administered in childhood.
The scientists say that the tattoo needles would never be suitable for preventative vaccines, such as measles, in children as the pain would be too great.
In addition to many great oral sessions and poster sessions, the conference has been electrified by several major research breakthroughs with implications for vaccines to prevent HIV as well as microbicides to protect women from becoming infected by their male partners.
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Glaxo's Stephenne hopes to sell huge quantities of malaria vaccine for a modest profit, while using its adjuvant components for more lucrative vaccines, such as one to prevent lung cancer recurrence.
The White House has warned of job losses for teachers, more expensive meat prices as inspectors are furloughed, air travel delays, and complications in distributing vaccines for children.
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About 14 years ago, when I was a parent of young children, as preparation for a talk at a doctors' meeting about vaccines, I surveyed (rather informally) parents - mostly mothers of course - waiting in the playground of our local primary school.
This then populates a map showing flu prevalence geographically in real time, as well as pointing users to nearby flu resources, for example, pharmacies with vaccines.
And, as happened with Medicare, the government has been relentless in cutting the pricesit will pay for vaccines, thereby severely squeezing the producers' profit margins.
The childhood vaccine for whooping cough has not been raised as a possible cause of autism, and the vaccines that were concerning have been shown not to cause autism with substantial evidence, said Stacey Martin, a staff epidemiologist at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention who works on pertussis.
More recently, as the market for mass-market pills has gone south, Vasella used acquisitions to diversify into vaccines and generic drugs.
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And, as happened with Medicare, the government has been relentless in cutting the prices it will pay for vaccines, thereby severely squeezing the producers' profit margins.
Only 20% planned to take precautions, such as peeling or cooking, when eating fresh fruitJane Zuckerman, director of the Academic Centre For Travel Medicine and Vaccines, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London said that around a million people each week travel between the borders of developed and developing countries.
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