Activists criticise industrialised nations for failing to contribute enough money and blame pharmaceutical companies for the high cost of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs.
The upshot of all this activity is a marked reduction in the rate of new infections, though sceptics point out that the fall began before ARV use and circumcision became widespread, and that the role of behavioural changes (including a greater willingness to use condoms) should thus not be underestimated.