According to this theory it is the artificial lowering of interest rates and creation of excess credit by a central bank's monetary policy that causes investors to erroneously believe that economic conditions are better than they actually are, leading to an abundance of overconfidence.

ECONOMIST: Thailand and the Rohingya

The theory was tested by setting up artificial feeding stations and monitoring whether the bees' dances did describe where the food was, according to von Frisch's rules.

BBC: NEWS | Science/Nature | Waggle dance leads bees to nectar

This notion was revived in the 1950s, when the building of a genuine chess-playing machine was seen by artificial-intelligence researchers as a stepping-stone towards a general theory of machine intelligence.

ECONOMIST: Computers and chess