"The usual metaphor for artificial neural networks is electrical circuits and nodes connected by wires, " said Dr Husbands.

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But after speaking with him for two minutes I wouldn't have been surprised if he told me that he had already received artificial neural enhancements and other biological upgrades.

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Artificial neural networks operate in a similar fashion, altering the strengths of connections between different parts of a program in response to experience, so as to achieve the desired result.

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Although the artificial neural networks used in the research are much less complex than the human visual system, this simplicity helped the researchers to identify and further understand what they believe is a fundamental principle behind why we see illusion: the statistics of our past visual experiences.

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During my studies I was heavily interested in Artificial Intelligence, things like neural nets, fuzzy logic, natural language processing.

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Pioneered by Todd Kuiken, director of the Neural Engineering Centre for Artificial Limbs at the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, along with his colleagues Aimee Schultz, Blair Lock and Dr Marasco (who was formerly at NECAL), this involves rerouting the nerves that would have originally controlled and sensed the missing limb and connecting them instead to other parts of the body.

ECONOMIST: Rewiring nerves