Only hedge funds--by selling short and tapping into a wide range of strategies like arbitrage--can do the trick.
You simply cannot have industrial age lifestyles for 69% of the population, using too-clever arbitrage schemes involving Internet marketing of health-supplements.
Such suspicions were reinforced on July 6th, when Salomon's American bond-arbitrage operation was closed.
Gudefin's hedge fund background helps explain two of her other specialties at Discovery: merger arbitrage and distressed-debt investing.
Some strategies may be profitable for a while, but then have bad years, as convertible-arbitrage managers found out in 2005.
The principal long-term baseload electric power fuel arbitrage is and has been coal-v-uranium.
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Many try to mimic specific investing methods, like global macro or fixed-income arbitrage.
Described in typical industry gobbledygook as a "multistrategy, market-neutral arbitrage" fund, SRI eked out a net 0.07% return its first six months.
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However, one of this summer's best investment tips, currency arbitrage, is risk-free.
This risk-free arbitrage trade locked in a small profit for the institutional investor and kept the SuperUnit market price in line with its underlying value.
So Schoemaker says he sets his web pages to automatically display legitimate content to the Google spider, while giving other users the ad-filled arbitrage page.
This all presents a classic case of market-theory arbitrage, says Florian Mueller, an expert in IP litigation and the person behind the FOSS patents blog.
That led to risk arbitrage and some small-time buyouts.
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And because hedge funds are under pressure in their traditional business, which is short-term arbitrage in liquid markets, they are attracted by returns from private equity potentially at least double what they expect from their usual activities.
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But unlike closed-end funds, if SuperUnits developed a discount to its underlying securities value, then institutional investors could arbitrage the units and profit risk-free.
Earlier this year the Philadelphia native was shortlisted for a Golden Globe award for his role in Arbitrage, a New York-based drama set in the risky world of high finance.
And the markets need to recognize that long-term creative arbitrage projects involving open or closed communities, tackling large economic challenges across the globe, are one of the few ways the surplus capital problem can be solved.
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Arbitrage leads Google users to spam-like pages with nothing but more ads.
The universe of hedge fund asset classes is very deep and includes convertible arbitrage, distressed mortgage, long-short equity and global macro, among many other complex strategies.
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Traders had shorted more than 103 million shares of Bank of America (nyse: BAC - news - people ) as of mid-December, indicating a frenzy of arbitrage activity prior to the closing of the bank's acquisition of MBNA (nyse: KRB - news - people ).
"The new guidelines are aimed at further tightening the oversight of the bond-issuance market and specifically cracking down on speculation and arbitrage between some investors and underwriters, " said Yang Weixue, a senior fixed-income analyst at Lianxun Securities.
The only legitimate purpose of program-trading is in index arbitrage, which was originally its only activity.
Problems occur with corporate bond ETFs in a fast-moving market because the arbitrage mechanism starts breaking down.
But it has some important exceptions: Even in the late middle ages, the theologians-cum-proto-economists realized that the arbitrage effect is net of transportation costs.
Employees of banks could shut down computers that make quick arbitrage trades across markets, using denial-of-service attacks to overwhelm servers and potentially cause millions in losses.
Using tax-subsidized borrowing to invest in tax-exempt bonds is a straight tax arbitrage.
Now it's become an obsession of the financial industry, to serve the needs of high-speed automated trading, where computers arbitrage based on knowing the market news an extra millisecond in advance.
Alan, the great piano tuner, in his infinite but indirect wisdom, kept money market rates so low that the banks could arbitrage money and dig themselves out of their management-made mud slides.
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